The right answer is C.
Classically positive interactions or facilitators between species are divided into two broad categories:
- those where the two partners involved benefit from each other: the mutualisms (symbolized by + / +)
- those where one of the two partners makes a profit or an advantage while the other gets nothing from it without being affected negatively: it is the commensalism symbolized by + / 0.
It may be that bacterial commensalism has an interest in its host (the animal) in the sense that it protects against parasites, or on the contrary, it favors their appearance.
The correct answer is: A checkpoint will be activated if the spindle does not attach to a kinetochore.
Prokaryotes, do not undergo mitosis (like eukaryotes) and therefore have no need for a mitotic spindle. Prokaryotes also don’ t have checkpoints foor the regulation of cell division.
Normal eukaryotic cells (unlike cancer cells), move through the cell cycle in a regulated way in order to make sure that cells don't divide under conditions that are unfavorable for them. Information about their own internal state (nutrients, signal molecules, DNA integrity) is signal to go or not to go through the cell division. Because of that there are few checkpoints in the cell cycle at which the cell examines the signals and makes a “decision”. The major checkpoints are:
• The G1- the first point at which it must choose, once it passes the G1 checkpoint the cell enters S phase
• The G2-the cell checks DNA integrity and checks if replication is done well.
• The spindle checkpoint-at the transition from metaphase to anaphase.
The correct answer is (a).
Both L-D and L-IND reactions take place in the chloroplast of the cell but in different parts or locations. L-D reactions take place in the chloroplast thylakoids while L-IND reactions take place in the chloroplast stroma.
Chloroplasts are chlorophyll- filled organelles mostly found in the leaves of green plants. Chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane called the thykaloid membrane that forms long folds within the organelle. In electron micrographs, the thykaloid membranes look like stacked coins. Chlorophyll is located within the thykaloid membranes.
Between the thykaloid membrane and the chloroplast membrane is a space. This space is what is called the stroma.
Answer:
c. the specific geographical location where an organism lives.
Explanation:
The ecological niche of an organism includes the habitat where it lives and its place in the community with respect to the other species. It includes various adaptations present in the organism to survive in prevailing conditions, its interaction with other biotic factors of the system, and the pattern of consumption of available resources. Therefore, the ecological niche of an organism defines the space occupied and its functional role in the community irrespective of the type of biome. It does not take account of its geographical location on the earth.
