Answer:
<h3>The peppered moth was originally pale in color, but eventually evolved into a darker form when the air pollution of the Industrial Revolution caused tree bark to darken with soot and lichen was killed off. As lichen recovered and levels of soot in the atmosphere went down, the species turned pale again.</h3>
Answer:
E1: Pyruvate dehydrogenase, TPP, oxidative decarboxylation reaction
E2: Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, Lipoamide and Co-enzyme A, transacetylation reaction.
E3: Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, FAD and NAD+, oxidation reaction
Explanation:
Pyruvate dehydrogenase is a multi-enzyme complex with 5 co-enzymes and 3 apo-enzymes:
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1) , which uses thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) as as co-enzymes to catalyze oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to hydroxyethyl-TPP.
Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (E2): which uses lipoamide and coenzyme A as co-enzymes to catalyse the transacetylation from TPP to Lipoamide to form acetyl lipoamide.
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3) which uses FAD and NAD+ as co-enzymes to catalyze the oxidation of lipoamide
Stable elements are those that are unlikely to react with other elements and unstable are those that are highly reactive.