The answer is counter conditioning techniques or also called stimulus substitution. It is a form of <span>respondent
conditioning that entails the conditioning of
an unnecessary behavior or reaction to a </span>stimulus into a required behavior or response by the connection
of positive actions with the stimulus. It is a general treatment for aggression, fears, and phobias. The use of counter conditioning is broadly used for cure in
humans as well as animals. The most familiar goal is to reduce or increase the
want or longing to the stimulus. One of the most extensively used kinds of
counter conditioning is systematic desensitization<span>. This method employs muscle relaxation as a substitute for food
as the positive counter stimulus. The main objective in this treatment is to
reduce fear to a convinced feared stimulus.</span>
Hello there! Scarcity determines the economic value of an item by the quantity of goods produced at the time. Let’s start by defining scarcity in economy:
Scarcity refers to the depletion, minimization, or absence of a public resource. Another way to remember this term is to think about a black footer ferret; it is an endangered species, meaning there is not much left of it. Scarcity has the same context as this but with different materials, primarily food.
Scarcity often causes the economic value of an item to raise because of its rarity. When there is less of a resource, the ideal solution for sellers of that resource is always going to be to raise the value. Money is always considered in cases like this. As the value of said item increases, less of it is made. Because less is made, there is a gradual depletion in supply of it. If you need any help, let me know and I will gladly assist you.
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
Robert Merton was a sociologist from the United States of America, who is known for his contribution such as deviant theory, middle-Range theory, and many other ideas. He describes deviance as the act of response which conflicts with social values and norms. He further divides into five categories. The first among them is innovation where social and cultural goals put strain on an individual and because there was lack of opportunities to achieve them, it results in people to be "innovators" who deviate from the social pattern to achieve these goals and engage in activities like stealing, selling drugs or other illegal activities.
When a state law conflicts with a federal law, the supremacy clause operates to invalidate the state law in favor of the federal one as long as the federal law is found to be in pursuance of the Constitution. The supremacy clause also means that states can't regulate, interfere with, or control federal issues.
