Answer:
Well to start out you have 5 reindeer. If you glue Lancer and Ezekiel together you only have 4 units to arrange in different orders. That number is 24. But for each of those, Lancer and Ezekiel can be arranged in two ways... with Lancer in front of the pair or in the back of the pair. So altogether there are 48 ways to arrange the five reindeer with Lancer and Ezekiel always being together.
Answer:
17 and 19 are two consecutive odd integers that when multiplied, give the product 323
EXPLANATION
Replacing the given functions into the following:


Removing the parentheses and simplifying:

Simplifying like terms:

Hence,