Most stomata are located on the bottom of leaves because direct sunlight does not hit the bottom surface. If stomata were on the upper epidermis (the top side of the leaf), the direct sunlight hitting the leaf would cause more water to be lost through the stomata because of evaporation. Hope this helps!
It depends on the plant and its environment. In a mesic terrestrial environment, the plant wouldn’t be optimized. Natural selection would then come into play and there would be an evolutionary trend towards stomata located on the lower leaf surface.
In the case of water lily, the lower epidermis is in contact of the water, and stomata are restricted to the upper surface of the leaf. This is an optimal solution for the plant. Natural selection will work to conserve that arrangement. In this case, stomata on the lower surface would exist at a water-air interface, and the diffusion of gasses across that interface would be glacially slow. Further, the stomata on the lower surface would present an opening where pathogens can enter the leaf.
Pollution can effect the food chain and the food web In many ways. The first of wich is it can kill off animals. A good example of this is marine life.
Based on the scenario being described it can be said that this would partly be explained by the biological reason that the amygdala, which is the seat of emotions such as anger—matures earlier than the prefrontal cortex in adolescents. Thus mostly explaining why Donna is first and foremost clouded by her emotions instead of logically reasoning through a situation.
(((First part of the small intestine))). It connects to the stomach. The duodenum helps to continue digesting food that comes from the stomach. It absorbs nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and water from food so that the body can use them.
