The historical period preceding the Renaissance in Europe was the Middle Ages, which had a very strong focus on God and everything related to Jesus and soul salvation. This focus was central to the lives of every Christian. Art, as an indication of the taste, times and concerns of the people who produce it was thus almost exclusively created around religious themes.
As an unexpected consequence of the Crusades (eleventh to thirteenth centuries A.D.), the expeditions organized by western Europeans to reconquer the Holy Land from the infidel Muslims, many Europeans got in contact with books, of all sorts of subjects, produced by the ancient Greeks and Romans which had been translated and even commented (enhanced) by the Arabs. A taste for the "classics" (ancient Greek and Roman works) gradually emerged among the Europeans in the Middle East and some even brought it back to Western Europe, especially the Genoese and the Venetian merchants. The focus of these works was mainly centered on man and all of its aspects: physical, mental, spiritual, etc. Whereas the medieval art was always solemn and excessively serious, always focused on religious themes, the art and thinking of the Renaissance took many of the values of the ancient Greek and Roman societies and granted a lot of importance to man again. The Renaissance began as an attempt to replicate (faithfully copy) the works of the Classic Antiquity in science, politics, philosophy, art (painting, sculpture, architecture), etc.
The invention of the printing press in Germany in the mid 1400s made books cheaper and easier to acquire, and contributed to the rapid spread of the forgotten ideas of the Greeks and Romans and a radical change of thinking somewhat less centered in God.
Answer:
Dr. Martin Luther King junior wrote the Letter from the Birmingham Jail in 1963, in response to white clergymen who had criticized his views and his activism as extremist.
Explanation:
MLK wrote an impassioned response to the clergy who were criticizing his activism at the time. The white clergy felt it was better for black Americans to just accept the status quo and to stop pressing for change. The clergy called MLK's actions "unwise and untimely." He first tries to counter the notion that his position is extreme in the letter by describing black nationalism and some of the extreme propositions of that movement and he also contrasts his perspective from being passive and accepting of the status quo. He has dedicated himself to trying to advance constructive change using non-violence. But as he develops his letter he starts to embrace the notion of being called an extremist because it may be necessary to take an extreme position in order to advance real change. Since MLK was a church leader and he is addressing the critique of fellow clergymen, there are a lot of religious examples used in the letter.
Trash was dump inside the water
Answer:
Explanation:
they gained one million square miles of Mexico
The correct answer is B.
The 13th amendment to the US Constitution abolished slavery in the states where it still existed. Meanwhile, the 14th and 15th amendments to the US Constitution guaranteed citizenship for former slaves and equality of rights for all US citizens without discrimination in terms of race.
<u>State law did not ratify those provisions, and the best example are the Jim Crow Laws</u>, enacted at the state level in order to block the access to voting to black citizens. These laws could not exclude black citizens explicitly but, instead, they introduced requirements for voting that in the end ruled out mostly black citizens, such as a minimum income level or literacy tests. The ultimate aim of such laws was to prevent black citizens from voting this is why, after a while, the Supreme Court ended up abolishing them. But as soon as one law was abolished, a new one was ready.
The enforcement of the equality of rights in voting included in the reconstruction amendments, would not be materialized until 1965 with the enactment of the Voting Rights Act (VRA).
