Answer
Accelerates algal growth and reduces oxygen.
Explanation eutrophication is the nutrient induced increase in phytoplankton productivity.
In terms of individual states, the answer would be New Jersey. Otherwise, the REGION that is most densely populated is the east coast, specifically the Northeastern part of the U.S.
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That would just be called Weathering and Erosion. Erosion happens when rocks and sediments are picked up and moved to another place by ice, water, wind or gravity. Mechanical weathering physically breaks up rock. One example is called frost action or frost shattering. Water gets into cracks and joints in bedrock.