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Vestigial structures are often homologous to structures that are functioning normally in other species. Therefore, vestigial structures can be considered the evidence for evolution, the process by which beneficial heritable traits arise in populations over an extended period of time.
Answer:

Explanation:
Mechanical advantage is given by the ratio of output force by input force.
= Output force = 
= Input force = 
So,

The mechanical advantage of the pulley's is
.
Answer:
the respective means of growth within an organism varies from organism to organism. For instance, multicellular organisms grow via a process of cellular division known as mitosis, while others (being unicellular) grow or reproduce colonially-speaking via a process called binary fission.
Explanation:
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