The answer is <span>Special RNA polymerase, peptidoglycan in cell walls, ester-linked fatty acids.
Bacterial cell wall consists of peptidoglycans, not of cellulose or chitin. They also have ester-linked fatty acids, like eukaryotes. Ether-linked fatty acids are characteristics of Archaea. Also, bacteria have special RNA polymerase, unlike Eukaryotes that have three different type of RNA polymerase.</span>
Answer:
From the whole progeny of 544 plants, 34 individuals are expected to have short stems and white flowers.
Explanation:
<u>Available data:</u>
- short stems coded for by recessive allele t
- white flowers coded for by recessive allele p
- T codes for tall stems
- P codes for purple flowers
- Cross between two heterozygous individuals
- Total number of the progeny 544
In a dihybrid cross, it is expected to get a phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1
Cross:
Parentals) TtPp x TtPp
Gametes) TP Tp tP tp
TP Tp tP tp
Punnett square)
TP Tp tP tp
TP TTPP TTPp TtPP TtPp
Tp TTPp TTpp TtPp Ttpp
tP TtPP TtPp ttPP ttPp
tp TtPp Ttpp ttPp ttpp
F1)
- 9/16 T-P-
- 3/16 T-pp
- 3/16 ttP-
- 1/16 ttpp
(<em>Note: The "-" symbol represents either a dominant allele or a recessive one</em>)
From these possible genotypes and phenotypes, we can get their corresponding amount of individuals
16 ---------- 544 individuals
9 ------------X = 306 individuals tall stems and purple flowers T-P-
3-------------X = 102 individuals with tall stems and white flowers T-pp
3------------ X = 102 individuals with short stems and purple flowers ttP-
1 ------------ X = 34 individuals with short stems and white flowers, ttpp
An adaptation refers to both the current state of being adapted and to the dynamic evolutionary process that leads to the adaptation
Answer:
At low Ts= Hopanoids increase membrane fluidity
At higher Ts= Hopanoids reduce the membrane fluidity
Explanation:
Bacterial membranes lack cholesterol but have hopanoids. Hopanoids are synthesized from the same precursor as the steroid. The hopanoids also have five fused ring structures like that of cholesterol. The amphipathic nature of hopanoids allows them to maintain the membrane fluidity under low and higher temperature conditions.
When the temperatures are higher, the hopanoids serve to reduce the membrane fluidity by their ability to interact with polar heads and non-polar tails of the membrane phospholipids. At lower temperatures, hopanoids insert themselves between the non-polar tails of phospholipids to increase the membrane fluidity.