Answer:
A) The same-actor defense
Explanation:
The same-actor defense can be used in cases where there is discrimination based on gender, ethnicity or race. This defense can be also applicable in case of age discrimination if firing took place only after a brief period of time. Another important condition in this case is that same person should be involved in hiring and firing process.
John Garcia was an American psychologist very well-known for his researches that focused on taste aversion in rats and for discovering conditioning taste aversion. Taste aversion is often developed after having a drink or food that causes nausea, vomiting or sickness afterwards. Garcia challenged the idea that:
- any association can be learned equally well.
- conditioning takes place in an even faster and stronger manner when the conditioned stimulus is ecologically relevant.
Therefore, the ability to develop a taste aversion works as a survival mechanism. And, regardless of the taste of the food, sights and sounds, ones can tricky themselves into not liking the taste simply because they relate sickness with it.
