Formal.
As far as I know, there is no such thing as either standard or practiced diction. Informal is the way you communicate with your friends, for instance, which is not how you would write a thesis paper, legal document, etc.
Informed because it means to tell or let someone know.
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That depends on what kind of essay we are talking about. If you are talking about a persuasive essay, then use different appeals and techniques, like ethos, logos,pathos, facts and figures, or testimonial. If we're talking about a narrative essay, then use plenty of imagery and sensory details, plus make sure to have plenty of characterization for your dynamic characters.
Because his death was in a way always going to happen, it was fate. He died when Romeo killed him because of his friends death at Tybalts hand. Tybalt was always going to die because it was his fate.