The short-term effects of Jim Crow Laws in the south were: Legal codes of segregation, enacted literacy requirements, voter-registration laws, poll taxes.
The long-term effects were: Segregation until the late 20th century, allowed for racial injustices and prejudices to remain and thrive, despite the 14th amendment.
The sharecropping system was so hard to overcome because it was economically confined, controlled by landlords and kept in debt.
African Americans were worse off after civil war. They were still treated as inhuman and undeserving of basic rights, especially in the deep south, the 14th and 15th amendments were not upheld and the enforcement of Jim Crow laws worsened the situation. Even though the country was moving in the right direction, it was a long time before quality of life really improved for most African Americans.
I believe the answer would be Phalanx.
Replace the words “the meaning” to “our intention”
It cause the natives to change their culture and the world around them
Even though slavery was abolished, that did not mean the white people would stop treating the black people with a lack of respect. Thus lead to segregation some years later, and then resulted in the civil right movement.