1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Leviafan [203]
2 years ago
6

Cite particularly the difference in the synthesis of the two biomolecules in animals and plants.

Biology
1 answer:
Sonja [21]2 years ago
4 0

Answer:

The preceding section reviewed the major metabolic reactions by which the cell obtains and stores energy in the form of ATP. This metabolic energy is then used to accomplish various tasks, including the synthesis of macromolecules and other cell constituents. Thus, energy derived from the breakdown of organic molecules (catabolism) is used to drive the synthesis of other required components of the cell. Most catabolic pathways involve the oxidation of organic molecules coupled to the generation of both energy (ATP) and reducing power (NADH). In contrast, biosynthetic (anabolic) pathways generally involve the use of both ATP and reducing power (usually in the form of NADPH) for the production of new organic compounds. One major biosynthetic pathway, the synthesis of carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O during the dark reactions of photosynthesis, was discussed in the preceding section. Additional pathways leading to the biosynthesis of major cellular constituents (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) are reviewed in the sections that follow.

Go to:

Carbohydrates

In addition to being obtained directly from food or generated by photosynthesis, glucose can be synthesized from other organic molecules. In animal cells, glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) usually starts with lactate (produced by anaerobic glycolysis), amino acids (derived from the breakdown of proteins), or glycerol (produced by the breakdown of lipids). Plants (but not animals) are also able to synthesize glucose from fatty acids—a process that is particularly important during the germination of seeds, when energy stored as fats must be converted to carbohydrates to support growth of the plant. In both animal and plant cells, simple sugars are polymerized and stored as polysaccharides.

Gluconeogenesis involves the conversion of pyruvate to glucose—essentially the reverse of glycolysis. However, as discussed earlier, the glycolytic conversion of glucose to pyruvate is an energy-yielding pathway, generating two molecules each of ATP and NADH. Although some reactions of glycolysis are readily reversible, others will proceed only in the direction of glucose breakdown, because they are associated with a large decrease in free energy. These energetically favorable reactions of glycolysis are bypassed during gluconeogenesis by other reactions (catalyzed by different enzymes) that are coupled to the expenditure of ATP and NADH in order to drive them in the direction of glucose synthesis. Overall, the generation of glucose from two molecules of pyruvate requires four molecules of ATP, two of GTP, and two of NADH. This process is considerably more costly than the simple reversal of glycolysis (which would require two molecules of ATP and two of NADH), illustrating the additional energy required to drive the pathway in the direction of biosynthesis.

You might be interested in
What is the function of odorant-binding proteins in the mucus?
Margaret [11]
Concentrate Odorants is the answer.
3 0
3 years ago
List the advantages and disadvantages of using biotechnology for agriculture.
Ber [7]

Answer: plant reducers

Explanation:

4 0
3 years ago
May someone help me please​
mixer [17]

Answer:

25. Hetero

24. Homofzygous Rec

26. Homofzygous Dominant

3 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
An arthropod's body may have as many as ____<br> sections<br><br> Three<br> Four<br> Five<br> Six
sukhopar [10]
Four because it is brooooo had
4 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
How does the work of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration help people?
Tomtit [17]
A is the answer ur welcome for helping u
6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Other questions:
  • Which term best describes the difference in colors of the birds below?
    5·2 answers
  • Which freshwater ecosystem is most productive?
    5·2 answers
  • What happens to animals that deprived of oxygen?
    10·2 answers
  • Which molecule is produced by adding two electrons and one proton to NADP+?
    6·2 answers
  • Which groups of plants were probably most active in secondary succession and re-establishing the native habitat?
    5·1 answer
  • Animals that use language are most likely those that have the greatest capacity for
    9·2 answers
  • Do you think the Earth has a fixed carrying capacity?
    13·1 answer
  • How do<br> you<br> think<br> your<br> food sources<br> compare to the breakdown
    8·2 answers
  • Stack of membranes that packages chemicals
    11·2 answers
  • 1. A molecule that contains only carbon and hydrogen is called a
    8·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!