Answer:
The correct answer is B: act as members of a coalition or its democratic leaders rather than as dictators
Explanation:
According to the ideas of Edward Wrapps about the astuteness of power, he suggested that strategic managers who are successful are very skilled in organizational politics and can build consensus when acting as members of a coalition or leaders in such groups and ensure that their ideas are pushed through, instead of them just acting as dictators.
Answer:
A protection racket is a scheme where a potentially hazardous group guarantees protection from violence, looting, raiding, piracy, and other such threats posed by them outside the sanction of the law, to polities, businesses, individuals, or other entities and groups that pay to them in cash or kind. In other words, it is a racket that sells security, traditionally physical security. Through the credible threat of violence, the racketeers deter people from swindling, robbing, injuring, sabotaging or otherwise harming their clients. Protection rackets tend to appear in markets in which the police and judiciary cannot be counted on to provide legal protection, because of incompetence (as in weak or failed states) or illegality (black markets). Protection rackets are indistinguishable in practice from extortion rackets and distinguishable from private security by some degree of implied threat that the racketeers themselves may attack the business if it fails to pay for their protection. A distinction is possible between a "pure" extortion racket in which the racketeers might agree only not to attack a business and a broader protection racket offering some real private security in addition to such extortion. The criminals might agree to defend a business from any attack by either themselves or third parties (other criminal gangs). However, in reality, that distinction is doubtful, because extortion racketeers may have to defend their clients against rival gangs to maintain their profits. By corollary, criminal gangs may have to maintain control of territories (turfs), as local businesses may collapse if forced to pay for protection from too many rackets, which then hurts all parties involved. Certain scholars, such as Diego Gambetta, classify criminal organizations engaged in protection racketeering as "mafia", as the racket is popular with both the Sicilian Mafia and Italian-American Mafia.
Explanation:
A protection racket is an operation where criminals provide protection to persons and properties, settle disputes and enforce contracts in markets where the police and judicial system cannot be relied upon. Protection racketeers or mafia groups operate mostly in the black market, providing buyers and sellers the security they need for smooth transactions; but empirical data collected by Gambetta and Varese suggests that mafia groups are able to offer private protection to corporations and individuals in legal markets when the state fails to offer sufficient and efficient protection to the people in need. Two elements distinguish racketeers from legal security firms. The first element is their willingness to deploy violent forms of retribution (going as far as murder) that fall outside the limits the law normally extends to civilian security firms. The other element is that racketeers are willing to involve themselves in illegal markets
Martin Seligman. The person most closely associated with research on learned helplessness is Martin Seligman.
Explanation:
Martin Seligman is an American psychologist. He is also an author and has written many books, especially on self-help. Learned Helplessness was his theory which made a mark in history. He has promoted the positive psychology and the well being associated with it.
Martin was the psychologist who believed that cognition, which is the process of getting knowledge through thoughts, senses and experiences, was an important part of behavior.
People's behavior are usually govern by their learned knowledge or through their senses or experiences.
Martin was the one who researched a lot about learned helplessness, which is a state that happens when a person experiences a hard, tough and stressful situation. For example, there is a person who feels shy in gathering but he has to go out and meet people, so eventually he learns to live with this shyness which is the learned helplessness.
Learn more about learned helplessness and Martin Seligman at:
brainly.com/question/8196991
brainly.com/question/13450442#
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Explanation:
i hope it helps ..........
