Advantages: the country controlling had more countries for troops, food, supplies, and areas to fight. They also had much power over the civilians and could force them to change in his ways.
Disadvantages: law enforcement was quite cruel, food ran lower, their homes became a war zone, and they might have to change their ways and beliefs
Gutenburg's printing press made books cheaper and available to a larger variety of people. Before the printing press, books were very hard to make and they took a long time to produce.