1. Define business. Explain the functions of business.
1 answer:
↦ Business is an economic activity that is directed towards acquiring and earning profit and wealth through customer's satisfaction. It plays an important role for the economic development of the country and uplift living standard of the people. Some of the functions of business are described below :
- Creation of utilities : For the fulfillment of needs of customers , business creates various types of utilities. A business has many components and each component is involved in the creation of the certain utility. For instance : manufacturers create from utility , transportation system created place utility , warehousing time utility and insurance companies risk utility.
- Generation of employment : Business is a source of employment. Various types of employees are required to a business. In industries , both skilled and unskilled manpower are required for production , distribution and auxiliaries functions. Hence , the development of industry and commerce helps to solve the unemployment problem of a nation.
- Earning Foreign Currency : Business is the main source of earning Foreign Currency. Foreign currency can be earned by exporting surplus products and services to foreign countries. The development of export trade brings favourable balance in payment.
- Provides investment opportunities : Business provides investment opportunities to the investors in production and distribution activities. Depending on the nature of investment ; investors receive dividend , interest or other financial benefits. The persons of organizations having sufficient capital can invest their money in production and commercial activities according to their interest , capability and knowledge.
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Answer and Explanation:
According to the scenario, computation of the given data are as follow:-
1) Marginal propensity to consume (MPC) for this economy is 0.75 as it denotes the spending of the household and saving of 0.25 and the spending multiplier for this economy is
= Spending Multiplier(M)
= 1 ÷ 1 - MPC
= 1 ÷ 1-0.75
= 1 ÷ 0.25
= 4
2). Decrease in government purchases will lead to a decrease in income, generating an initial change in consumption
= -Amount of Government Decrease Purchases by × MPC
= -$250 billion × 0.75
= -$187.5 billion
3). Decrease income again, causing a second change in consumption
= Amount Decrease in Government Purchases × MPC
= -$187.5 billion × 0.75
= $140.6 billion
4).Total change in demand resulting from the initial change in government spending
= Amount of Government Decrease Purchases by × Spending Multiplier(M)
= $250 × 4
= $1,000 billion
= $1 trillion
As we can see that the income falls by $1000 billion in the end, so AD shifts to the left by the size of $1 trillion
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