<span>This is the crux of strain theory. The strain that comes from not being able to attain culturally agreed-upon positive goals leads some people, who may lack the means, to commit acts of crime and deviance. This is a way of lessening the tension that a person feels when unable to attain these levels.</span>
The Sons of Liberty popularized the use of tar and feathering to punish and humiliate offending government officials starting in 1767.
Answer: 3. Punishing behaviour that deviates from the terminal behaviour
Explanation: shaping procedure is the process of reinforcing successively closer approximations to a desired terminal behavior. It usually starts by reinforcing a behaviour that the individual already has and in some way related to the terminal (desired) behaviour; this is the first approximaion. After this is strengthened, the reinforcement is extinguished and then the next behaviour which is a closer approximation is strengthened and eventually extinguished.
This process continues with each approximation closer to the terminal behaviour until the terminal behaviour is achieved. For every step or approximation, the previous reinforcement has to be extinguished in order to move the process closer to the end goal, which is the terminal (desired) behaviour.
Animals can offer people welcome friendship
