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aleksandr82 [10.1K]
3 years ago
11

(a) Based on the information provided, describe the ways in which Volkswagen did not fulfill the requirements of effective corpo

rate governance.
(b) In what ways did the Board of Directors sidestep its obligations to protect shareholder interests?


(c) How could Volkswagen better select its Board of Directors to avoid mistakes such as the emissions
scandal in 2015?
Business
1 answer:
Lelu [443]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

I believe Volkswagen did not fulfill the requirements of effective corporate governance mainly because the board didn’t have enough independent directors present.

The essential driver is the nonappearance of a solid gathering of independent directors. In view of German Corporate law, administration is given by a Management Board and a Supervisory Board, with representatives making up half of the Supervisory Board. This ought to have took into consideration in any event half of the Supervisory Board to be completely independent. While remaining inside the 'letter of the law,' they evaded the 'spirit of the law' by cycling recent former senior executives through the Supervisory Board Chairmanship position and other board positions. This had the impact of expelling genuinely independent oversight.

To select the next board members and avoid any future issues Volkswagen can keep in mind the following things about the board that it is :

Is well informed about the company’s performance.

Guides and judges the CEO and other top executives.

Has the courage to curb management actions the board believes are inappropriate or unduly risky.

Certifies to shareholders that the CEO is doing what the board expects.

Provides insight and advice to management.

Is intensely involved in debating the pros and cons of key decisions and actions

Explanation:

You might be interested in
Hampton Company reports the following information for its recent calendar year. Income Statement Data Selected Year-End Balance
Alina [70]

Answer:

See below

Explanation:

Statement of cash flow from operating activities using the indirect method.

Net income

$14,000

Adjustment for non cash items:

Depreciation expense

$5,000

Adjustments for changes in working capital:

Increase in accounts receivables

($8,000)

Decrease in inventory

$4,000

Increase in salaries payable

$1,000

Net cash from operating activities

$16,000

7 0
3 years ago
By offering more generous unemployment insurance programs, European countries can expect Group of answer choices longer periods
natulia [17]

Answer:

Longer periods of unemployment for their workers.

Explanation:

Unemployment is when people who are willing and able work do not have jobs

Types of unemployment

structural unemployment is an unemployment that occurs as a result of changes in the economy. These changes can be as a result of changes in technology, polices or competition. Structural unemployment tends to be permanent.  

Frictional unemployment:  the period of time a person is unemployed from the period he leaves his current job and the time he gets another job. Eg. when a real estate agent who leaves a job in Texas and searches for a similar, higher-paying job in California.

Voluntary unemployment: e.g. worker at a fast-food restaurant who quits work and attends college.

Cyclical unemployment: it occurs as a result of fluctuations in the economy. Unemployment would be high in a downturn and low in a boom  

If a government gives generous unemployment insurance programs, there would be less incentive to find jobs because one of the main reasons why people would want to work is to have money. If the government provides generous pay to the unemployed, there would be less motivation to work and unemployment increases

6 0
3 years ago
Social responsibility is
snow_tiger [21]

Answer:

The correct answer is D.

Explanation:

The term social responsibility can be defined as an ethical framework or idea where the individuals and organizations feel obligated to work for the benefit of society at large. They feel accountable to a larger society.  

We know that a trade-off exists between economic growth and the welfare of society. The idea of social responsibility is to make an equilibrium between these two such that both economic growth and social welfare is achieved.  

This idea is not only limited to organizations but to anyone whose actions affect the environment.

7 0
4 years ago
Direct labor or machine hours may not be the appropriate cost driver for overhead in all areas of manufacturing due to the compl
MrRa [10]

Answer:

WATERWAYS CORPORATION

a.

Activity Cost                        Overhead          Actual Cost  

Pools Activity-                       Rates                Assigned

Based  

Irrigation installation                $  154.20    $1,995,502.20

Machining (all machine use)        $0.05      1,670,450.00

Customer orders                        $12                30,240.00

Design                                         $102.50              717.50

Selling                                         $16             353,600.00

b. Classification of activities by level:

Activities                                                                  Levels

Testing of products (if all items are tested)            Unit

Testing of products (if all items are not tested)    Batch  

Designing new products                                        Product  

Packaging                                                                Unit  

Molding                                                                    Product  

Assembling                                                              Batch  

Depreciation                                                            Facility  

Machine maintenance                                            Unit  

Advertising                                                              Product  

Equipment setups                                                  Batch  

Electricity required to run equipment                   Facility  

Requisitioning materials                                        Unit

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

WATERWAYS CORPORATION

Activity Cost                                       Estimated   Expected       Actual Use

Pools                            Cost Drivers  Overhead  Use of Cost     of Drivers

                                                                              Drivers per

                                                                                Activity    

Irrigation installation Labor cost      $1,998,432   12,960                   12,941

Machining                 Machine hours 1,670,400   33,408,000  33,409,000

Customer orders      No. of orders        30,636     2,553                   2,520

Design                      Cost per design         820             8                      7

Selling                       No. of sales calls 350,400    21,900               22,100

Overhead Rates:

Irrigation                 $1,998,432/12,960    = $154.20 per DLH

Machining                 1,670,400/33,408,000 = $0.05 per machine hour

Customer orders      30,636/2,553 = $12 per order

Design                       820/8 = $102.50 per design

Selling                         350,400/21,900 = $16 per sales call

Activity Cost                        Overhead          Actual Cost  

Pools Activity-                       Rates                Assigned

Based  

Irrigation installation                $  154.20    $1,995,502.20 ($154.20*12,941)

Machining (all machine use)        $0.05      1,670,450($0.05*33,409,000)

Customer orders                        $12                30,240 ($12*2,520)

Design                                         $102.50              717.50($102.50*7)

Selling                                         $16             353,600($16*22,100)

b) Levels of Activity:

Unit-level activities: At this level, the costs are concerned with direct materials, direct labor, and machine maintenance.

Product-level activities are specific to a product.

Batch‐level activities require a group (batch) of units to be produced or some processes performed together.

Facility-level activities are support activities required for the development and production of goods and services.  They are organization-wide.

8 0
3 years ago
What is a disadvantage of Maria's staying home with her children until the youngest is of school age?
Shkiper50 [21]

<u>Explanation:</u>

Maria may not be able to retire at an earlier age. This is because she sacrifices here years of employment by not being economically productive. Her husband has to meet the family expenses single-handedly through his income. Lot of money is spent on child care so they will not be able to save money for their retirement.

To take an early retirement one should have saved quite an amount of money. This will increase the working years for her and her husband.

4 0
4 years ago
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