All categories

3 years ago

You are studying ion channels and have set up model lipid vesicles containing the three following transporters:

Biology

1 answer:

jonny [76]3 years ago

3 0

Answer and Explanation:

a) you will find the arrangement and ion flow of the three types of transporters in the model membranes in the attached files.

K+ leak channels are channel proteins that allow K⁺ to leave the cell in favor of its concentration gradient. It keeps a stable equilibrium by taking out K⁺ that the 3Na+ /2K+ pump brings into the cell. Any alteration in the pump leads to an alteration in the leak channel functioning.

Na+ /H+ antiporter is an integral membrane protein, and a secondary transporter is responsible for the interchange of H+ and Na+ through the membrane with no use of energy. It regulates pH within the cell. It responds to the Na+ and H+ concentration gradient, determined by the 3Na+ /2K+ pump. An alteration in the pump functioning produces a change in the Na gradient and consequently affects the antiporter interchange action.

3Na+ /2K+ pump is an integral protein that transports K+ and Na+ against the electrochemical gradient. A significant amount of energy is used to make the pump function. It brings K+ into the cell and takes Na+ out of it. It keeps the membrane potential and the electrochemical gradient constant. The pump function is associated with the leak channels and the antiporters function.

Under normal conditions, the cell interior has a lower pH than the exterior. The K+ concentration is higher in the interior, while the Na+ concentration is higher in the cell exterior. The interior of the cell is always more electronegative than the cell exterior.

The drug ouabain inhibits the pump. It impedes the Na+ exit and the K+ entrance. It occurs a sharp increase in the Na+ intracellular concentration, which influences the Na+ /H+ antiporter that changes the ions´ direction, taking out Na+ and bringing in H+ to compensate the intracellular Na+ excess. There is also a decrease in the leak channel function, which does not allow K+ to leave the cell.

Whenever the pump is inhibited, there is an increase in the intracellular pH, because Na+ concentration increases in the interior.

You might be interested in

If there were more weeds what would happen to the rabbits?

EleoNora [17]

Rabbits tend to wander a lot and if it runs into weed or grass... well it eats it. eating weed or grass allows rabbits to gain more energy. if the supplies of grass and or weed increases the population of rabbits would increase too. the more they eat the more energy the have and the more energy the have the more they reproduce.
more power = more reproduction
more reproduction = increase in population
so all in all the more weed, the better it is for rabbits since the amount of food increases

7 0

3 years ago

Who was the father of taxonomy

Anit [1.1K]

Answer: Carl Linnaeus, also known as Carl von Linné or Carolus Linnaeus, is often called the Father of Taxonomy.

6 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Two brain structures the size of matchsticks that rest above the nasal cavities are the

suter [353]

Two brain structures the size of matchsticks that rest above the nasal cavities are the olfactory bulbs.
It is a part of your brain which is responsible for providing your with olfactory activities, meaning, the ability to smell. It is located at the foremost front of your brain, somewhere around your eyes, and is connected with the nose to give the smelling sensation.

6 0

3 years ago

You will have the following equipment available to you to monitor temperature and carbon dioxide and oxygen. This data will be u

nikdorinn [45]

Answer:

Yes. Levels of Carbon dioxide must be equal in proportion to metabolic rate of the system. is a product of cell respiration and should be monitored.

Explanation:

Levels of carbon dioxide must be equal in proportion to metabolic rate.

Carbon dioxide is a product of cell respiration and should be monitored to avoid surfocation and likes

As the temperature of the system(or body) increases, oxygen level decreases leading to increase in carbon dioxide level which is very dangerous for any system or an organisms. This can leading to Astma and other respiration problems.

6 0

3 years ago

Two individuals both have depression, but they have experienced different genetic predispositions, different levels of self-este

Anastaziya [24]

Answer:

Two individuals both have depression,but that have experienced different genetic predispositions, different affiliations with peers that have led to the depression,is the example of adolescesnt stage.

Explanation:

Genetic predisposition is also called as gene susceptibility,a condition when development of a particular disease takes place due to person's genetic makeup. In some cases, genes and external factors like environmental chances may impact on self esteem.

Self esteem is the positive and negative attitude that reflect on an individual. This problem mainly affects the adolescent stage (between age 10-18 years)

It has been seen that genetic factors affect 40% and non shared environmental factors affect 60% impact on self esteem of an individual.

Sometimes gender variation also affects on self esteem.

7 0

3 years ago