Rich bought 4 ice cream cones for his kids. The

Part I - To help consumers assess the risks they are taking, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) publishes the amount of nico

IRINA_888 [86]

Answer:

(I) 99% confidence interval for the mean nicotine content of this brand of cigarette is [24.169 mg , 30.431 mg].

(II) No, since the value 28.4 does not fall in the 98% confidence interval.

Step-by-step explanation:

We are given that a new cigarette has recently been marketed.

The FDA tests on this cigarette gave a mean nicotine content of 27.3 milligrams and standard deviation of 2.8 milligrams for a sample of 9 cigarettes.

Firstly, the Pivotal quantity for 99% confidence interval for the population mean is given by;

P.Q. = $\frac{\bar X-\mu}{\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } }$ ~ $t_n_-_1$

where, $\bar X$ = sample mean nicotine content = 27.3 milligrams

s = sample standard deviation = 2.8 milligrams

n = sample of cigarettes = 9

$\mu$ = true mean nicotine content

Here for constructing 99% confidence interval we have used One-sample t test statistics as we don't know about population standard deviation.

Part I : So, 99% confidence interval for the population mean, $\mu$ is ;

P(-3.355 < $t_8$ < 3.355) = 0.99 {As the critical value of t at 8 degree

of freedom are -3.355 & 3.355 with P = 0.5%}

P(-3.355 < $\frac{\bar X-\mu}{\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } }$ < 3.355) = 0.99

P( $-3.355 \times {\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } }$ < ${\bar X-\mu}$ < $3.355 \times {\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } }$ ) = 0.99

P( $\bar X-3.355 \times {\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } }$ < $\mu$ < $\bar X+3.355 \times {\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } }$ ) = 0.99

99% confidence interval for $\mu$ = [ $\bar X-3.355 \times {\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } }$ , $\bar X+3.355 \times {\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } }$ ]

= [ $27.3-3.355 \times {\frac{2.8}{\sqrt{9} } }$ , $27.3+3.355 \times {\frac{2.8}{\sqrt{9} } }$ ]

= [27.3 $\pm$ 3.131]

= [24.169 mg , 30.431 mg]

Therefore, 99% confidence interval for the mean nicotine content of this brand of cigarette is [24.169 mg , 30.431 mg].

Part II : We are given that the FDA tests on this cigarette gave a mean nicotine content of 24.9 milligrams and standard deviation of 2.6 milligrams for a sample of n = 9 cigarettes.

The FDA claims that the mean nicotine content exceeds 28.4 milligrams for this brand of cigarette, and their stated reliability is 98%.

The Pivotal quantity for 98% confidence interval for the population mean is given by;

P.Q. = $\frac{\bar X-\mu}{\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } }$ ~ $t_n_-_1$

where, $\bar X$ = sample mean nicotine content = 24.9 milligrams

s = sample standard deviation = 2.6 milligrams

n = sample of cigarettes = 9

$\mu$ = true mean nicotine content

Here for constructing 98% confidence interval we have used One-sample t test statistics as we don't know about population standard deviation.

So, 98% confidence interval for the population mean, $\mu$ is ;

P(-2.896 < $t_8$ < 2.896) = 0.98 {As the critical value of t at 8 degree

of freedom are -2.896 & 2.896 with P = 1%}

P(-2.896 < $\frac{\bar X-\mu}{\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } }$ < 2.896) = 0.98

P( $-2.896 \times {\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } }$ < ${\bar X-\mu}$ < $2.896 \times {\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } }$ ) = 0.98

P( $\bar X-2.896 \times {\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } }$ < $\mu$ < $\bar X+2.896 \times {\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } }$ ) = 0.98

98% confidence interval for $\mu$ = [ $\bar X-2.896 \times {\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } }$ , $\bar X+2.896 \times {\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } }$ ]

= [ $24.9-2.896 \times {\frac{2.6}{\sqrt{9} } }$ , $24.9+2.896 \times {\frac{2.6}{\sqrt{9} } }$ ]

= [22.4 mg , 27.4 mg]

Therefore, 98% confidence interval for the mean nicotine content of this brand of cigarette is [22.4 mg , 27.4 mg].

No, we don't agree on the claim of FDA that the mean nicotine content exceeds 28.4 milligrams for this brand of cigarette because as we can see in the above confidence interval that the value 28.4 does not fall in the 98% confidence interval.

5 0

3 years ago

Combine the radicals -2 Square root 13 + 19 Square root 13

Alina [70]

The answer is 6.8383838

3 0

3 years ago

Which of the following numbers can be expressed as repeating decimals?

Ivahew [28]

C

Because i know so yea. hola soy dora.

7 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

3. Let A, B, C be sets and let ????: ???? → ???? and ????: ???? → ????be two functions. Prove or find a counterexample to each o

Fiesta28 [93]

Answer / Explanation

The question is incomplete. It can be found in search engines. However, kindly find the complete question below.

Question

(1) Give an example of functions f : A −→ B and g : B −→ C such that g ◦ f is injective but g is not injective.

(2) Suppose that f : A −→ B and g : B −→ C are functions and that g ◦ f is surjective. Is it true that f must be surjective? Is it true that g must be surjective? Justify your answers with either a counterexample or a proof

Answer

(1) There are lots of correct answers. You can set A = {1}, B = {2, 3} and C = {4}. Then define f : A −→ B by f(1) = 2 and g : B −→ C by g(2) = 4 and g(3) = 4. Then g is not injective (since both 2, 3 7→ 4) but g ◦ f is injective. Here’s another correct answer using more familiar functions.

Let f : R≥0 −→ R be given by f(x) = √

x. Let g : R −→ R be given by g(x) = x , 2 . Then g is not injective (since g(1) = g(−1)) but g ◦ f : R≥0 −→ R is injective since it sends x 7→ x.

NOTE: Lots of groups did some variant of the second example. I took off points if they didn’t specify the domain and codomain though. Note that the codomain of f must equal the domain of

g for g ◦ f to make sense.

(2) Answer

Solution: There are two questions in this problem.

Must f be surjective? The answer is no. Indeed, let A = {1}, B = {2, 3} and C = {4}. Then define f : A −→ B by f(1) = 2 and g : B −→ C by g(2) = 4 and g(3) = 4. We see that g ◦ f : {1} −→ {4} is surjective (since 1 7→ 4) but f is certainly not surjective. Must g be surjective? The answer is yes, here’s the proof. Suppose that c ∈ C is arbitrary (we must find b ∈ B so that g(b) = c, at which point we will be done). Since g ◦ f is surjective, for the c we have already fixed, there exists some a ∈ A such that c = (g ◦ f)(a) = g(f(a)). Let b := f(a).

Then g(b) = g(f(a)) = c and we have found our desired b. Remark: It is good to compare the answer to this problem to the answer to the two problems

on the previous page. The part of this problem most groups had the most issue with was the second. Everyone should be comfortable with carefully proving a function is surjective by the time we get to the midterm.

3 0

3 years ago

Simplify: 6/10x^2 devided by 6/10x^3-60x^2

Alecsey [184]

D. x-6
That is the correct answer.

8 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers