Answer:
Kidneys are the important organ of excretion. Human kidneys are bean shaped located below the rib cage. Different vessels are involved in the transportation of blood from the abdominal aorta and back to the inferior vena cava.
The order of blood vessels are:
The blood enters in the aorta and and moves to the renal artery. Then the blood moves to the interlobar artery via segmental artery. The blood enters in the afferent glomerular arteriole from the arcuate artery and cortical radiate artery. Glomerulus receive the blood from the afferent glomerular arteriole. Then, the blood moves to the efferent glomerular arteriole. The blood then enters in the cortical radiate vein via peritubular capillaries and vasa recta. The blood moves back to the inferior vena cava from the arcuate vein, interlobar vein and renal vein.
<span>Cytotoxic t-cell subpopulations are specialized to combat intracellular pathogens, whereas helper t-cell subpopulations are specialized to combat extracellular pathogens.
</span>Cytotoxic t-cell are CD8+ cells. Cytotoxic t-cell uses granzymes to <span>kill </span><span>intracellular bacteria, that lives in the cytosol such as viruses. They identify the pathogen forgein peptids that are bounded to MHC-I on the cell surface.
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cd4+ T helper (Th) cells include Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells. They contribute to aliergic reactions and fighting extracellular parasites.
The answer is c hope it helps
He difference between acute stress and chronic stress is one of severity and time. Acute stress is short lived and may not have very severe effects on you. Chronic stress is when you are under stress<span> on an ongoing basis and can lead to physical disease, mental disorder and spiritual dark nights of the soul.</span>
