Carbon dioxide can be transported through the blood via three methods. It is dissolved directly in the blood, bound to plasma proteins or hemoglobin, or converted into bicarbonate.
The majority of carbon dioxide is transported as part of the bicarbonate system. Carbon dioxide diffuses into red blood cells. Inside, carbonic anhydrase converts carbon dioxide into carbonic acid (H2CO3), which is subsequently hydrolyzed into bicarbonate (HCO3−) and H+. The H+ ion binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells, and bicarbonate is transported out of the red blood cells in exchange for a chloride ion. This is called the chloride shift.
Bicarbonate leaves the red blood cells and enters the blood plasma. In the lungs, bicarbonate is transported back into the red blood cells in exchange for chloride. The H+ dissociates from hemoglobin and combines with bicarbonate to form carbonic acid with the help of carbonic anhydrase, which further catalyzes the reaction to convert carbonic acid back into carbon dioxide and water. The carbon dioxide is then expelled from the lungs.
A peritonsillar abscess is a bacterial infection that is caused by untreated tonsillitis and strep throat. Complications can be infected lungs causing airway obstruction. Antibiotics are the treatment for this condition or the pus may be drain such as that of a Percutaneous Needle Aspiration thus the nurse should be able to impart to the client to follow the medication prescribed especially antibiotics like if it is good for 7 days to finish it and if in case complications would arise, the patient should consult medical help.
In prokaryotes, horizontal gene transfer (HGT), the transfer of genetic material from one organism to another organism within the same generation, is an important way to promote genetic diversity. HGT allows even distantly related species to share genes, influencing their phenotypes.
Transformation: Mode of genetic transfer in which “bare DNA” is taken up from the environment is taken up by cells
Transduction: Mode of genetic transfer in which genes are transferred by a bacteriophage to a bacterial cell
Conjugation: Mode of genetic transfer in which two cells must come in contact and genetic material is transferred to a recipient cell from a donor cell through its pili
Answer:
Because butterflies with longer tongues were better equipped to eat nectar from inside flowers, and so it was easier for them to eat and grow. So they were better quipped to survive than those with shorter tongues.
