The writings of Jean Bodin provides us with an early theorisation of the idea of sovereignty even though the examples he uses are quite extensive. Essential to Bodin's notion of sovereignty is that the power the sovereign holds must be absolute and permanent. If a ruler holds absolute power for the duration of his life he can be said to be sovereign. In contrast, an elected official or some other person that holds limited powers can not be described to be sovereign. Although at times Bodin suggests that the people are sovereign, his definition of sovereignty as absolute, unlimited and enduring power points purposively towards a positive association of sovereignty and a singular monarchical, or even tyrannical, power.
Another qualification that Bodin introduces into the definition of sovereignty as absolute and perpetual is one that will become increasingly important in subsequent theorisations, culminating in the work of Carl Schmitt. For Bodin, a sovereign prince is one who is exempt from obedience to the laws of his predecessors and more importantly, those issued by himself. Sovereignty rests in being above, beyond or excepted from the law. Although it occupies a subordinate place in Bodin's theorisation, it could be said that this exception from being subject to the law is the quintessential condition of sovereignty in so far as it is understood politically.
Although for Bodin sovereignty is characterised by absolute and perpetual power he goes on to make a series of important qualifications to this concept. These come from two principle concerns. The first is real politics - Bodin seems to be aware that absolute power could licence behaviour injurious to sovereign authority. Hence for example a sovereign cannot and should not confiscate property nor break contractual agreements made with other sovereigns, estates nor private persons. The second reason is Bodin's underlying theological notion of divine authority and natural law. A sovereign may put aside civil law, but he must not question natural law (in which it appears right of property is sanctioned). Saying this, it is ultimately from this divine authority that the earthly right of sovereign power is legitimated. The prince literary does god's bidding, and yet by virtue of this can do wrong. Hopefully this helps out some :)
<span>The Mediterranean and Aegean seas played in the development of the culture of ancient Greece because both provided the transportation for trade therefore many people had jobs as fisherman, ship building, and other oceanic occupations</span>
Answer: The Supreme Court narrowly voted in favor of allowing prayers to continue in opening government meetings in 2014.
Information:
A challenge to discontinue prayers in opening government meetings stayed in the Supreme Court for 7 years before being narrowly upheld by 1 a one-vote majority.
Those who opposed prayers in opening government meetings argued that it favored Christianity over other religions.
d) America's future in the global economy is tied to improving educating in scientific and technological advances.
Standardized education and STEM programs aimed to bring the US to a higher level and the same level throughout the country. It focuses on improving technology so the US can keep up with the progressing economy.
During the Reagan presidency, an educational study was performed to assess the quality of US schools. The report was called a Nation at Risk and revealed the education of the US had fallen behind on a global level. Steps were taken to bring the US up to par. Under the Clinton administration, the education plan included standards for minimum requirements for schools to achieve as well as creation of standardized testing. The Bush administration continued this process by creating No Child Left Behind which set rules for meeting standards and provided funding for STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) education. The Obama administration added Common Core creating national standards for education. All of these programs have been with the government's goal to advance US education.
