Neither, because the power dynamic shifted between the church and the kings.
I answered this same question a few years ago
<span>The Battle of the Little Bighorn was fought along the ridges, steep bluffs, and ravines of the Little Bighorn River, in south central Montana on June 25-26, 1876. The combatants were warriors of the Lakota Sioux, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes, battling men of the 7th Regiment of the U.S. Cavalry. The Battle of the Little Bighorn has come to symbolize the clash of two vastly dissimilar cultures: the buffalo/horse culture of the northern plains tribes, and the highly industrial/agricultural based culture of the U.S., which was advancing primarily from the east coast. This battle was not an isolated soldier versus warrior confrontation, but part of a much larger strategic campaign designed to force the capitulation of the nonreservation Lakota and Cheyenne.</span>
I think Habsurg ruled the Austrian empire through much of the 19th century.
House Habsburg of Austria was regarded as the most influential/powerful house in Europe at that time. This house alone produce several emperors for different kingdom all across Europe, Including the Kingdom of Austria, , Kingdom of England ,Kingdom of Croatia, Kingdom of Germany, Kingdom of Hungary, and Kingdom of Spain that's what I know.
Hope it helps
They were centers for community actions and helped organize protests from civil rights.
