The pituitary gland is placed beside the hypothalamus in the head region. It is the master gland of the body as it is responsible for the production of various hormones that control the functioning of other glands.
Further Explanation:
A gland that is present in the basal portion of the skull, behind the nose and under the brain is called the pituitary gland. It is divided into two parts, the posterior and the anterior pituitary gland. The gland is linked to the hypothalamus which is a part of the brain and controls the activity of the pituitary gland. The blood vessels connect the brain to the anterior pituitary gland while the posterior pituitary gland releases hormones into the bloodstream when is signaled by the brain and is part of the brain.
The hormones released by the pituitary gland regulate different processes governed by different glands in the body and is, therefore, called the master gland. This gland gets signals from the brain and secretes certain hormones in response which further act on other glands or organs to regulate the body's function and maintain the required environment inside the body. The hormones secreted by the pituitary gland works as a messenger for the transmission of information to distant cells and enable their functioning. For example, the adrenal gland, testes, ovaries, and thyroid glands are controlled by the hormonal secretions from the pituitary gland and in turn result in the production of some other hormones. The pituitary gland regulates reproduction, blood pressure, growth, metabolism, and sexual maturation.
The hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland into the bloodstream are:
• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) which acts on testes or ovaries for the production of sex hormones, and maturity of sperm and egg.
• Prolactin, which induces milk production.
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone.
The posterior pituitary gland secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH) which is responsible for the reabsorption of water by the kidney and oxytocin which results in uterine contractions.
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Answer Details:
Grade: College Biology
Chapter: The Pituitary Gland
Subject: Biology
Keywords:
Pituitary gland, posterior pituitary gland, anterior pituitary gland, hypothalamus, brain, blood vessels, hormones,adrenal gland, thyroid gland, testes, ovaries, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, thyroid stimulation hormone, antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin.
