I can't read that, if you can type it I could help you
B. New substances are formed. In a chemical reaction, the starting molecule must be changed or turn into another. For example: rusts that form in a tin can is a chemical reaction. The iron in the can combines with the oxygen in the atmosphere, creating rust (iron oxide), which is a different substance.
I would say <span>The trait is carried either on the X or the Y chromosome</span>
Natural selection could not occur without environment, and a act on animal.
Two traits that we are examining are the color (purple/white) and the smoothness.
In our sample, we have 135 individuals ( 75 +28+24+8= 135).
Since we know that expected ratio of a dihybrid cross, is <span>9:3:3:1 we can calculate what is the expected values of each phenotype is.
So, for the white wrinkled phenotype, we expect that there will be one-sixteenth of the whole sample ( there are 16 parts of the whole sample 9+3+3+1=16).
So, we multiply the whole sample- 135 with one-sixteenth (or </span>0.0625) and get 8,4375.
When you calculate the values for all phenotypes you get results shown in the attached excel table.
When you have your expected and experimental values you compare them with a chi-square test. (The test determines if the difference between the expected and experimental results is statistically significant).