In early summer wasps, like bees, pollinate plants and flowers as they feed on nectar. If we were to eradicate all wasps, it would cause more problems than it would solve. So, wasps do serve a purpose, and despite being a problem at certain times of the year, they are a beneficial insect.
Unlike natural selection, genetic drift does not depend on an allele’s beneficial or harmful effects. Instead, drift changes allele frequencies purely by chance, as random subsets of individuals (and the gametes of those individuals) are sampled to produce the next generation.
Every population experiences genetic drift, but small populations feel its effects more strongly. Genetic drift does not take into account an allele’s adaptive value to a population, and it may result in loss of a beneficial allele or fixation (rise to 100\%100%100, percent frequency) of a harmful allele in a population.
The founder effect and the bottleneck effect are cases in which a small population is formed from a larger population. These “sampled” populations often do not represent the genetic diversity of the original population, and their small size means they may experience strong drift for generations.
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Parasitic flatworms protect themselves from the host's digestive liquids by developing teguments or resistant coverings around their bodies. They secrete anti enzymes to neutralize the digestive juices of host which are produced in intestine where flatworm lives.
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Soil is composed of small pieces of a variety of materials, so it is a heterogeneous mixture.
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