Answer: 3. variable ratio
Options:
1. fixed interval
2. fixed ratio
3. variable ratio
4. variable interval
Explanation: The variable ratio of reinforcement uses rewards to create a high and steady rate of response. The rate of reward for a target behavior is unpredictable so the rat does not know when its response will get a reward. It will keep responding until the reward is delivered.
The options listed above are schedules of reinforcement. They are schedules used in rewarding target behavior in Operant conditioning.
Explanation:
Chickamauga was the largest Confederate victory in the western theater... With 16,170 Union and 18,454 Confederate casualties, the battle of Chickamauga was the second costliest battle of the civil war, ranking only behind Gettysburg, and was by far the deadliest battle fought in the west.
Arrow A represents the direction of the electric field vector at the position of the dot.
A dot indicates the location of an electric charge at a certain location. The electric field line will radiate outward in the case of a positive charge. If the charge is negative, the electric field will radiate outward from it. The direction of the electric field at a certain location is not, however, shown by the dot. As a result, reading the values of negative signs on a field line is useless.
As compared to the negative charge, the positive charge, Q, is twice as distant from the dot. We must first measure the intensity of the electric fields in order to determine the electrical field at a certain location. The positive charge is represented by +Q in Figure Q20.5, whereas the negative charge is represented by -1. The intensity of the electric field at a spot represented by a dot must thus be equal to the total of the electric fields pointing in that direction.
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