Answer: its not clear
Explanation:
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Answer:
The answer is: Economic profits is equal to the difference between accounting profits and implicit costs.
Explanation:
Unlike accounting profits which only take explicit expenses into account, Economic profits take both explicit and implicit costs into account to come up with the net worth a firm/a project is generating.
These implicit costs are opportunity costs which by operating a firm or by taking a project, an economic benefit has to be sacrificed for the firm or the project to be operated/ carried out.
So, to come up with economic profit from accounting profit, we have to further subtract implicit cost from accounting profit or:
Economic profit = Accounting profit - Implicit costs.
Answer: Expected Return = 12%
Explanation:
Yield on short-term government securities = 4%
The expected return required by the market for a portfolio with a beta of 1 = 12%
Now, according to the capital asset pricing model:
Expected Return = Risk-free rate + Beta × (expected return on the market - risk-free rate)
= 4 + 1 (12 - 4)
= 12%
∴ The expected return on the market portfolio is 12%.
The real interest rate is;
Real interest rate = nominal interest rate - inflation
<h3>What is inflation?</h3>
The rate at which prices increase over a specific time period is known as inflation. Inflation is often measured in broad terms, such as the general rise in prices or the rise in a nation's cost of living.
There are three main causes of inflation:
- demand-pull inflation: Demand-pull inflation, which economists define as "too many dollars chasing too few things," is the increasing pressure on prices that accompanies a scarcity in supply.
- cost-push inflation: When the cost of labor and raw materials rise, the overall price level will rise (inflation).
- built-in inflation: As employees anticipate an increase in compensation when the cost of products and services rises in order to maintain their standard of living, this is known as built-in inflation.
<h3>What is real interest rate?</h3>
A real interest rate reflects the rate at which current things are preferred over future goods over time.
The difference between the nominal interest rate and the inflation rate is used to calculate the real interest rate for an investment.
Real interest rate = nominal interest rate - rate of inflation (expected or actual).
To know more about the inflation, here
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Answer:
the processes by which money enters into circulation the buying and selling of government securities to alter the supply of money
Explanation:
Open market operations are one of the tools that the Fed uses to regulate the supply of money and credit in the economy. It entails buying or selling if securities in the market to either increase or decrease the amount of money in circulation. Open market operations can be used for either expansionary or contractionary policies.
Should the Fed observe that the economy is slowing down, it may result in buying securities and bonds from the banks. The act of buying increases the cash available for in the banks. If the reserves are constant, it means banks will be holding excess cash. Banks will resort to lending to firms and individuals, which increases the money supply in the market.
