Viceroyalties were instiutions created by the Spanish monarchy to incorporate the colonized lands in America in the administration engines of the Empire. A viceroyalty was ruled by viceroy, a direct subordinates of the King, and was considered a province within the Empire and not a colony anymore.
The two viceroyalties existing in America prior to 1717 were:
- Viceroyalty of New Spain. It contained the current territory of Mexico, together with Southwestern states from the current US. It was the first one created by the Spanish in America in 1535.
- Viceroyalty of Peru, created in 1542, which contained almost the whole territory ruled by the Spanish in South America.
In both German and Italian unification there was on leading state.
Answer:
O. Periodic appointments would destroy a judge's independence.
Explanation:
Alexander Hamilton wrote in his "Federalist Papers No. 78" how the independence of judges is important for the security of everyone. Stating that <em>"the general liberty of the people can never be endangered .... so long as the judiciary remains truly distinct from both the legislature and the Executive"</em>. He further went to demand that <em>"independence of the judges is equally requisite to guard the Constitution and the rights of individuals"</em>. He believes that independence of the judiciary from either the legislative or executive is a much needed act, for it will ensure the right and correct implementation of judgement. He proposed that <em>"complete independence of the courts of justice is peculiarly essential in a limited Constitution"</em>.
Moreover, judges' permanent appointment will ensure the rightful passing of judgement which can be flawed if the judges are appointed periodically. For no two persons are the same, so this may lead to differences in opinions which will lead to the former judgement being recanted by the next person appointed. Thus, he opines that <em>"periodical appointments, however regulated, or by whomsoever made, would, in some way or other, be fatal to their necessary independence"</em>.
Thus, the correct answer is the third option.
Answer:
He was the chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) from 1963 to 1966. Lewis was one of the "Big Six" leaders of groups who organized the 1963 March on Washington. He fulfilled many key roles in the civil rights movement and its actions to end legalized racial segregation in the United States.
