<span>Catherine the Great and the Founding Fathers of the US both believed that there needed to be a body of laws to avoid chaos and to insure fairness.</span>
I'm not very sure of the answer but i did find a timeline that might help you figure out who ruled from the 1200s to the mid 1300s.
https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/timeline_1200.html
Your answer would be Robert Hooke. He was looking at a cork through a new microscope.