The muscles that contract (during cold or fright), the slanted hair follicle is pulled upright, dimpling the skin surface with goosebumps are called arrector pili muscle.
The arrector pili muscle are tiny muscle that attaches to the base of the hair follicle at one end and to the dermal tissue on the other end. When the body feels cold or fright the body generate heat and the arrector pili muscle contract all at once, that causes goosebumps on the skin.
The arrector pili muscle acts as the thermoregulator. Straight stand hair increases air trapping, so that the heat loss from the body decreases. The arrector pili muscle are mediated by the sympathetic nervous system.
To learn more about sympathetic nervous system here
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A - the spindle from the kinetochores that attaches to the chrs and pulls them towards the poles is a microfilament.
Reclassification of fungi
Explanation:
Fungi were classified under kingdom plantae by the earlier taxonomists due to their similarities. Both of them were grown on the ground and fixed to the ground, they do not move, fungi like plants also produced fruiting bodies.
However, there were many physiological, morphological, genetic, and biochemical features which were unique and different from other kingdoms.
Although, the fungi contain similar features like vacuoles, secondary metabolites, myecelial root-like structures; fungi like plants do not have a complete vascular system.
Hence, the previous classification under plants was reconsidered and fungi were reclassified as a separate kingdom next to the protists and before the plantae kingdoms.
There may be some strains of bacteria that are naturally resistant to these antibiotics, or there may be some that mutate to become resistant. This means that as antibiotics are used more and more, those that can be killed using the antibiotics die out, but those that are resistant will remain, and will reproduce. Over time, it will be the resistant species that predominate.
