Answer:protonema
Explanation:
Mosses have protonema that develops from germinating spores,which is a multicellular filament. This filament has high chlorophyll content and hence can photosynthesis generating food for its growth.
A protonema may produce leafy shoot and this is done under a favourable condition, this shoot later develop into bud.
5'-ACTCGTGA-3'-frameshift mutation (number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence is not divisible by three). deletion, one nucleotide in DNA is deleted, in this case A
5'-ATTACGTGA-3'- base substitution, C is substituted with T
5'-ACTACGTGT-3'- base substitution, A is substituted with T
5'-ACTAAGTGA-3'- base substitution, C is substituted with A
Substitution is a type of mutation in whichonly one base is changed. They can be:
• Nonsense mutations-when substitution leads to the formation of a stop codon instead of a codon
• Missense mutations-when one nucleotide is substituted and a different codon is formed
• Silent mutations-when a nucleotide is substituted and the same amino acid is produced
The correct answer is: introns
Processing of mRNA is process that occurs only in eukaryotic cells. After the transcription, newly formed mRNA molecule is called and it must be processed into a messenger RNA (mRNA). Processing includes:
• Addition of a 5' cap to the beginning of the RNA
• Polyadenilation- addition of a poly-A tail (tail of A nucleotides) to the end of the RNA
• Splicing- removal of introns and linking the exons
After these steps mRNA is mature and used for the further steps (e.g. translation).
Sometimes some genes are alternatively spliced.
Ionic bonds <span>are the type of bonds where there is </span>transfer<span> of electrons from one atom to another. The electrons are removed and from one atom and attached to another. A good example is salt which is composed of sodium and chlorine. Sodium readily loses one of its electrons and chlorine readily accepts it. Before losing the electron, sodium has a positive charge, but then becomes negatively charged after giving up the electron. Chlorine has a positive charge before gaining the electron but becomes negatively charged after gaining the electron. These opposite charges between sodium and chlorine attract the two elements together to form the ionic bond.</span>
