Viruses are a form of living parasites that only thrive in hosts to reproduce and spread.
Answer: Enzymes speed up the rate of the reaction without changing the ΔG for the reaction.
Explanation: Enzymes speed up the rate of the reaction without changing the ΔG for the reaction.
Enzyme (E) binds to the substrate (S) to form an enzyme–substrate complex (ES) products are formed at the end of the reaction but however, the enzyme remains unaltered, it can still bind to another substrate and/or can be reused as many times as possible.
Enzymes accelerate the rate of reaction by decreasing the activation energy.
Temperature affects the activity of enzymes, increasing it to reach a limit, which corresponds to the optimal enzyme activity. If the temperature goes beyond this maximum limit, enzymatic activity declines. The optimal temperature for most animal enzymes is about 37°C. The inactivating effect of temperature is due to protein denature.
Answer:Geochemistry is about the chemical connection with the earth. On the other hand, geophysics is concerned with the physical relation with the earth.
Explanation:
The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:
A student carries out PCR using the following steps: Step 1: 94°C for 1 minute Step 2: 60°C for 30 seconds Step 3: 72°C for 30 seconds After subjecting his PCR reaction to gel electrophoresis, the student sees no PCR product on the gel. What error(s) might he have made? (Select all that apply.) a. He carried out step 1 at too low a temperature. b. He carried out step 1 at too high a temperature. c. He carried out step 2 at too low a temperature. d. He carried out step 2 at too high a temperature. e. He carried out step 3 for too short a time.
Answer:
The correct answers are options d and e, that is, the student might have carried the step 2 at too high temperature, and he would have carried the step 3 for a brief duration.
Explanation:
In the PCR, step 1 is termed as the denaturation step and it generally takes place at 94 or 95 degrees Celsius. Thus, option a and b are incorrect. In step 2 of the PCR reaction, the combination of primers takes place with the template, this step is known as the annealing step. The temperatures in the annealing step are important for PCR, if the temperature of annealing is too much, it can lead to no product formation, and if it is too less than the formation of products would be non-specific.
In step 3 of the PCR reaction, the temperature is extended and the Taq polymerase enzyme is used to perform the reaction, which supplements nucleotides to the newly developed stand, at the frequency of 1 kilobase pair per minute. If the product of PCR is one kilobase or more, then a 30 seconds extension time would be not enough and the product would fail to appear. Hence, the correct options would be d and e.
The answer is C. They are called Taxonomists.