<h2>Scurvy </h2>
Explanation:
(a) Collagen is the major structural component of cartilage,bones and tendons
- The basic unit of collagen is tropocollagen and each tropocollagen consists of three coiled left handed polypeptide chains called α chains
- Generally each α chain consists of a repeating tripeptide sequence called: G-X-Y
- Here G represents glycine; X represents proline and Y represents hydroxyproline
- Rigidity of collagen molecule is due to presence of proline and hydroxyproline
- Hydroxylation of proline is catalysed by prolyl hydroxylase enzyme which use ascorbate,α ketoglutarate and oxygen
- α ketoglutarate is oxidatively decarboxylated to form carbon dioxide and succinate
- Sequence of events leading from a dietary vitamin C deficiency to symptoms such as bruising and breakdown of supporting tissues includes: tissue levels of ascorbic acid is low; enzyme prolyl hydroxylase is inactive; proline is not hydroxylated; the triple helix is inadequately stabilized; collagen breaks down; defects in tissues that depend on collagen
; tissues that depend on collagen are subject to breakdown and bruising
(b) Sailors are no longer susceptible to scurvy because fresh fruits which are the source of vitamin C source are available now
British sailors called "limeys" to this day,this term reflects the British navy's use of limes
25%
punnet square
dominat and recessive traits
I believe it's false. The nucleus is the control center of the cell. The mitochondria is commonly known as the cell's powerhouse.
Answer:
BLOOD PATHWAY:
Body > superior and inferior vena cava > right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > pulmonary semilunar valve > pulmonary artery > lungs > pulmonary vien > left ventricle > bicuspid/mitral valve> left ventricle > Aortic semilunar valve > Aorta > Body
The pathway goes like this:
From the body (we don't say first because this is a cycle), unoxygenated blood collected goes to the heart via the <u>INFERIOR and SUPERIOR VENA CAVA</u> then it empties into the <u>RIGHT ATRIUM</u> from there it passess through a valve called <u>TRICUSPID</u> valve, which prevents backflow of blood to the right atrium. The blood goes to our first pumping chamber, <u>RIGHT VENTRICLE. </u> The right ventricle pumps the blood through the <u>PULMONARY SEMILUNAR VALVE</u> which leads to the <u>PULMONARY ARTERIES</u>, which happens to be the only arteries that carry unoxygenated blood. From there it goes to the lungs to pick up oxygen and rid itself of carbon dioxide. The blood then goes back into the heart via the <u>PULMONARY VEINS</u> and like the latter, they are the only veins that carry oxygenated blood.
The blood then goes back into the heart, emptying into the <u>LEFT ATRIUM. </u> From there it goes through the <u>BICUSPID VALVE or MITRAL VALVE</u> and to the last and thickest pumping chamber, the <u>LEFT VENTRICLE.</u> The left ventricle pumps the blood through the <u>AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE</u> which opens out to the <u>AORTA. </u>
And at last, it goes back to your body.