Some genetic mutations can be completely harmless, while others are life-altering. Mutations happen when DNA is copied incorrectly. This causes an irregularity in the DNA. Mutations are permanent changes to genetic material that can be passed on to offspring. These changes happen randomly and can occur in any type of gene. While some mutations are not harmful (hazel eyes, for example), many mutations have harmful effects on health.
<span>disadvantages of genetic engineering are health risks, environmental impacts, impacts on agriculture and industry, and ethical issues that may arise based on the engineering</span>
<u>Answer:</u>
In comparing stop-transfer and internal start-transfer sequences in proteins, it can be said that both are hydrophobic.
Option: (b)
<u>Explanation:</u>
- Hydrophobic means repelling water.
- Hydrophobic molecules are non polar i.e. that there is no static electric field produce by atoms of molecules.
- Due to this reason the hydrogen cannot form hydrogen bond with the molecules.
- Internal start- transfer process is a transfer process of peptide and moves through the side opening of translocon and the anchor itself in the 'membrane'.
- Stop-transfer sequences in proteins halts the 'process of translocation' and moves out through the 'side opening in translocation' to anchor.
