<span>The meaning of life: the condition that distinguishes animals and plants from inorganic matter, including the capacity for growth, reproduction, functional activity, and continual change preceding death.</span>
So they could raise more money.
Navigation Acts,<span> in English history, name given to certain parliamentary legislation, more properly called the British Acts of Trade. The acts were an outgrowth of</span>mercantilism<span>, and followed principles laid down by Tudor and early Stuart trade regulations. They had as their purpose the expansion of the English carrying trade, the provision from the colonies of materials England could not produce, and the establishment of colonial markets for English manufactures. The rise of the Dutch carrying trade, which threatened to drive English shipping from the seas, was the immediate cause for the Navigation Act of 1651, and it in turn was a major cause of the First </span>Dutch War<span>. It forbade the importation of plantation commodities of Asia, Africa, and America except in ships owned by Englishmen. European goods could be brought into England and English possessions only in ships belonging to Englishmen, to people of the country where the cargo was produced, or to people of the country receiving first shipment. This piece of Commonwealth legislation was substantially reenacted in the First Navigation Act of 1660 (confirmed 1661). The First Act enumerated such colonial articles as sugar, tobacco, cotton, and indigo; these were to be supplied only to England. This act was expanded and altered by the succeeding Navigation Acts of 1662, 1663, 1670, 1673, and by the Act to Prevent Frauds and Abuses of 1696. In the act of 1663 the important staple principle required that all foreign goods be shipped to the American colonies through English ports. In return for restrictions on manufacturing and the regulation of trade, colonial commodities were often given a monopoly of the English market and preferential tariff treatment. Thus Americans benefited when tobacco cultivation was made illegal within England, and British West Indian planters were aided by high duties on French sugar. But resentments developed. The Molasses Act of 1733, which raised duties on French West Indian sugar, angered Americans by forcing them to buy the more expensive British West Indian sugar. Extensive smuggling resulted. American historians disagree on whether or not the advantages of the acts outweighed the disadvantages from a colonial point of view. It is clear, however, that the acts hindered the development of manufacturing in the colonies and were a focus of the agitation preceding the American Revolution. Vigorous attempts to prevent smuggling in the American colonies after 1765 led to arbitrary seizures of ships and aroused hostility. The legislation had an unfavorable effect on the Channel Islands, Scotland (before the Act of Union of 1707), and especially Ireland, by excluding them from a preferential position within the system. Shaken by the American Revolution, the system, along with mercantilism, fell into decline. The acts were finally repealed in 1849.</span>
The principle that modern democracies share with ancient Athens is that people should have a voice in government (D). Not only were citizens (adult male citizens) given the right to vote, but they debated and voted on a wide variety of issues that affected many different aspects of Athenian life, as members of the so-called Assembly of Demos (Assembly "of the People"). This aspect of Athenian Democracy, which gave citizens the opportunity to speak, debate, and decide about the government of their city is the one that modern democracies share. Although there are examples of this form of direct democracy, such as the Swiss "Landsgemeinde" or cantonal assemblies, most modern democracies are, for practical reasons, representative.
<span>This example illustrates what meichenbaum would call</span> stress inoculation training<span />.
Stress Inoculation Training is a cognitive behavioral
approach that helps people cope with stress through a program of managed
successful exposure to stressful situations. The approach was developed by psychologist
Donald Meichenbaum. The program includes three phases which are the conceptualization
phase, skills acquisition and rehearsal phase, and application and follow
through phase. These phases are designed to empower individuals and improve
their repertoire of coping skills.
