The ancient Egyptians believed that the soul does not fully detach from the body and that in order to live in the afterlife, the body must be preserved in the best way possible.
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Ashoka, also known as Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty, who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BCE. The grandson of the founder of the Maurya Dynasty, Chandragupta Maurya, Ashoka promoted the spread of Buddhism across ancient Asia
With the invention of the stethoscope, physicians were able to listen to the various sounds made by the heart and lungs. And began to be able to identify if patients had any diseases or ailments.