Answer:
The simultaneous effect of a predator population on a prey population and a prey population on a predator population over time.
Explanation:
The mathematical models of Lotka-Volterra equations explain the existing interaction between species in which prey and predator influence and affect each other. The model follows a few assumptions,
- The ecosystem is isolated and closed. There is no migration.
- The whole individuals are reproductively equivalent.
- In the absence of the predator, prey shows an exponential growth rate. The prey is in the ideal environment.
- When there is no prey, the predator population decreases exponentially because of the lack of food. The predator environment is ideal, but it is limited by prey density.
- The predation rate is proportional to the encounters rate, which also depends on density.
- The predators affect the prey populations, inducing its decrease proportionally to the number of prey and predators present.
- The prey population also influences the predator population proportionally to the number of encounters between the two species.
In these equations, the variable D is the number of predators, and P the number of prey items.
The parameters are always constant:
• r1: prey growth rate.
• a1: predator hunting success.
• r2: predator growth rate.
• a2: the success of the predator in hunting and feeding.
In nature, many factors affect interactions, such as dense-dependent factors and dense-independent factors. Also, in reality, there are stochastic factors. Stochasticity refers to the variability in the system involving those factors that are affecting or influencing population growth. Stochasticity might be related to good years and bad years for population growth.
In real situations, the compliance of the whole assumption does not occur. The previously mentioned constants might vary, constantly changing the interaction between the predator and the prey. These parameters change in different degrees, resulting in varying circumstances for both species.
Answer:
40 ft may be not sure . .......
Maintaining Homeostasis. The process in which organ systems work to maintain a stable internal environment is called homeostasis. ... Endocrine system: A high concentration of sugar in the blood triggers secretion of insulin by an endocrine gland called the pancreas.
The normal blood glucose level (tested while fasting) for non-diabetics, should be between 3.9 and 5.5 mmol/L (70 to 100 mg/dL). ...
Blood sugar levels for those without diabetes and who are not fasting should be below 6.9 mmol/L (125 mg/dL).
There are lots of different hormones in the human body that serve lots of different functions, but some are used to maintain homeostasis of various physiological parameters, like blood glucose levels. Blood glucose levels are regulated by two opposing hormones: insulin and glucagon.
Answer;
The second cell would not be able to produce as much food because it could not capture sunlight.
Explanation;
The first cell has multiple chloroplasts, and the second cell has very few which means the cell with more chloroplasts would make more food.
Chloroplast is an organelle is the cell where the process of photosynthesis (process in which plants make their own food) takes place.
A cell with multiple chloroplasts would make more food through photosynthesis compared to a cell with few chloroplasts.
