d. The right to refuse to participate in the study is the ethical principle violated in the study.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Dr. Lewis decided to conduct a study on the television viewing habits of her students. So she demanded her students her complete and return the survey regarding their television viewing habits.
The survey is about making the self-report which is used to know about the feelings, attitudes and beliefs of the participant.
Lewis forced her students to complete the survey, here Lewis violates the rights of the students to refuse the survey.
Answer:
(B) id-consists of primitive, instinctual urges superego-raw, inborn part of personality
Explanation:
Freud defines id, those primitive, instincts present in the infants mind, where sexual and aggressive drives locate, deeply hidden memories. It contains unconscious psychic energy that constantly expresses wishes to statisfy urges, basic needs or greater desires. The id seek pleasure permanently, with a ever present demand for immediate gratification.
To the contrary, the super ego is conscious and operates as a moral agent, contrasting with reality and acts as a negotiatior between this desires coming from the id
The id operates on shaping personality, as newborns, it lets us satisfy basic needs for survival. Freud strongly believed this is id will seek pleasure at any time without considerations of the reality of situation thus other mechanisms like super ego will later develop as one grows in presence of wider contexts and circumstances.
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When a researcher accidentally influences how participants behave, this effect is referred to as placebo effect
<h3>
What is placebo effect?</h3>
The placebo effect occurs when a patient receives a "dummy" treatment such as a placebo and their physical and mental health improves as a result.
In a placebo effect, the patient only reacts to the treatment because they think it is having an impact on them.
Much like when you give a youngster sugar tablets to take the edge off of their agony, they take them like medicine and feel better.
<h3>How does the placebo effect work?</h3>
Because it tricks the brain into thinking it is healing itself by releasing hormones that make you "feel good," the placebo effect is very potent. Therefore, when your doctor prescribes a placebo, they do not inform you that it has no effect; rather, they inform you that it will help you with your illness.
Learn more about Placebo effect:
brainly.com/question/10467057
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