First one; Reinforcement and second one; Biologically.
<em>Hope this helped! :)</em>
Answer: Ellen is engaging in conversation not to be left out in their discussion. Ellen made sure she was compelling in her discussion.
Explanation: Ellen was in a gathering of individuals with higher academic degree, in order for her to be involve in conversation she needed to talk about her achievements.
Tammy should've never eaten raw oysters in the first place