Answer:
Following are some of the possible consequences of mutations:
1. Some of the mutations take place in proteins that play an essential role in the function of cells, and thus, the cell dies.
2. Some mutations result in the origination of new traits like red hair.
3. Some mutations take place in genes, which monitor the division of cell and thus cells start to divide out of control, resulting in cancer.
4. Some of the mutations may be beneficial and may offer some benefit to the organism in some of the environments. These advantageous mutations may be encouraged by natural selection and are the basis for the evolution of life on Earth.
B.
because the more car the more carbon dioxide is released in to the air
Answer:
The principal difference in development of Dorsoventral axis in deuterostomes and protostomes is something called inversion
Explanation:
In protostomates the neural tube is below the gut and the dorsal vessel is above the gut while in deuterostomates is the oppossite, there is an inversion and now, the neural tube is above the gut and the heart tube is below. In both cases the development is related to the gradient of expression of some genes, where the expresion of one gene supress the formation of one structure in one side of the axis.
In protostomates the TGT-B factor is expressed dorsally and supress neural tube formation and ventrally a sog gene is expressed and supress TGT-F factor allowing neural tube to develop. In deuterostomates, an homolog of TGT-B family gene BMP-4 is expressed ventrally while dorsally BMP inhibitors (sog gene like) are expressed.
Accordingly to some researchers, the first state of the common ancestor of deuterostomates and protostomates had an protostomate-like orientation in dorsoventral axis
