Absence of oxygen means anaerobic respiration ; which has 2 different pathways.
First Pathway ; Alcoholic fermentation which takes place in yeast.
Pyruvate is decarboxylated into ethanal releasing co2 as waste product.
Ethanal is toxic , so its reduced by help of NADH to ethanol in presence of alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme , and Free NAD is released to continue glycolysis.
2) The second pathway is Lactic fermentation which takes place in mammalian muscles.
Pyruvate accepts hydrogen and is converted to lactate by the help of enzyme lactate dehydrogenase , again free NAD is released to continue glycolysis.
Hope I made it clear enough :)
Proteins are made of hundreds and thousands of polymers called Amino Acid which are attached with each other in long chains. There are 20 different types of amino acids that make up a protein
D. Estuaries
Estuaries are a place where fresh and salt water mix.
D a change in color of a subtance
In the small intestine, cells contain microvilli, which are tiny hair-like projections that increase nutrient absorption. These projections increase the surface area of the small intestine allowing more area for nutrients to be absorbed.
