2. Antigen
Toxins
3. Some bacterial infections
Viral
4. Innate immune system
5. Adaptive
6. Leukocytes
7. Humoral response
Cell mediated response
8. B cells
T cells
9. Helper T cell
Cytotoxic T cell
10. Antibody production.
I would say the food availability for gray squirrels will be affected because we do not know their diet. It also say that the red squirrels and the black squirrels have the same diets meaning less food on the Island for the grey squirrel( depending on what he eats. )
Decomposers, as the name suggests, decompose dead plants or animals into simple compounds. They feed on dead producers from the first levels or consumers from other three levels. Breaking them down, decomposers release nutrients that producers can use.
In an ecosystem with four levels, the first level are producers, such as plants and algae. On the second trophic level, there are primary consumers, herbivores that eat plants, for example, a deer, a rabbit, a grasshopper. The next trophic level belongs to secondary consumers that eat herbivores, for example, a wolf, a fox. The highest level is tertiary consumers that eat carnivores, for example, a bear, an eagle.
The reason to why they can't is based their weigh and age the average of blood in an adult is 5 liters same as a child weighing 80 kgs so i think that it would depend on your age and weight
The answer to that question is mitosis
