Answer:
Bad harvests, warfare, rebellions, overpopulation, economic disasters, and foreign imperialism contributed to the dynasty's collapse. A revolution erupted in October 1911. In 1912 the boy Emperor Xuantong (Hsüan-t'ung, commonly known as Henry Pu Yi) abdicated, or stepped down, from the throne
First, Hamilton says that life tenures frees judges from political pressure that come from the legislature or executive. This allows judges to guard against unconstitutional laws. Then, he says that judges have lots of demands, which shows that only few men are able to become judges because of their ethical qualities.
President Eisenhower was not recognized for addressing any civil rights issues such as Little Rock Nine. However, with elections rolling around, Eisenhower took large strides to ensure that this was passed to make sure that he would win the "black vote". Yet, to get the bill to pass required ample amounts of revisions to create a compromise with the southerners and southern senators: which was overriding state laws, using armed forces to enforce these civil rights, and those interfering with the bill would be sent to trial against a judge (not an all-white jury as only white citizens could be jury-members at the time).
However, many continued to vote as they believed the bill wouldn't last long.
I believe that process is preliminary hearing.
