D) They were aimed at people who were criticizing President Adams' foreign policy.
Adams was criticized for his neutrality in conflicts between Britain and France as well as how he handled the XYZ Affair. The Alien and Sedition Acts were meant to protect the reputation of the federal government and prevent people with extreme views from entering the country.
The Sedition Act allowed for punishment for those that spoke out against the government. Federalists like John Adams believed negative speech about the government showed weakness of the new government to the world. He believed that the US needed to show support of the government. The Alien Act was put into place to limit the rights of new immigrants entering into the US. Adams was fearful that immigrants would introduce extreme ideas coming out of the French Revolution. The Alien and Sedition Acts were met with fierce resistance and criticism. The critics led by Thomas Jefferson would form the Democratic-Republican Party to counter a growing Federalist power.
<em>C. To raise money for Great Britain debts.</em>
Explanation:
The Townshend Acts were passed in 1767 onto the colonists from the British government. Its main purpose was to raise money for Great Britain's officials and debts.
The Townshend Acts made it so there were taxes on items such as paint, tea, paper, glass, and other items the colonists used. They also took away other freedoms that the colonists had, but the main part of it was the unfair taxing.
Great Britain made these laws in order to raise money for their judges, governors, and other important officials. They also wanted money to pay off their debts and get an upper hand against the colonists.
The colonists were very angered by these taxes. They deemed them to be very unfair and felt like it was unconstitutional. They made a very big uproar about "taxation without representation," which means they wanted colonists in the British Parliament, as laws were being passed without their say.
The argument is that the mortality transition occurs exogenously and is the cause of a subsequent decline in fertility and rise in urbanization. This exogenous demographic process plays out over time, and has effects on economic, social, and political development. Hope this helps. :)
