The energy release from sequential redox reactions provides energy to cells most directly by Using that energy to pump protons.
- By transferring electrons during chemical reactions, catabolic pathways break down organic molecules, generating energy that is then used to produce ATP.
- In an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, the process of losing electrons (making a chemical more positive) is referred to as oxidation, while the process of gaining electrons (making a substance more negative) is referred to as reduction.
- The inner mitochondrial membrane's electron transport chain receives electrons from NADH and FADH2, which causes an H+ accumulation in the inner membrane space.
- The direct energy source for ATP synthesis is this proton gradient (gradient of H+) flowing via the membrane enzyme complex ATP synthetase.
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Salivary amylase
Explanation:
In the tongue, salivary amylase is the first enzyme to mix with food in the digestive tract. It is the primary enzyme of saliva. Salivary amylase is secreted from the salivary glands (mainly parotid glands) in the buccal cavity.
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Answer:
Invertebrates.
Explanation:
Invertebrate refers to animals with no backbone.
Answer:
The animals that can live in the hydrosphere and lithosphere are types of lizards and other amphibians that can burrow into the earth and live in the...
