Answer:
DNA is also called deoxyribonucleic acid which is made up of two chains which wind around each other to form a double helix model. The 2 DNA strands are also called polynucleotides and they are made up of monomeric units known as nucleotides. These nucleotides are made up of one of four nitrogen-containing nucleobases: cytosine, guanine, adenine and thymine, a phosphate group, and sugar known as deoxyribose.
Nitrogen bases present on the two separate polynucleotides strands are bound together with the help of base pairing (such as adenine with Thymine) and with hydrogen bonds to form double-stranded DNA.
So, adenine in DNA is complementary to thymine.
Answer:
All living organisms share several key characteristics or functions: order, sensitivity or response to the environment, reproduction, growth and development, regulation, homeostasis, and energy processing. When viewed together, these characteristics serve to define life.
Life processes are important to carry out daily life activities. They help to produce energy and maintain homeostasis in the body. The life processes help a body survive with the changes in the environment.
Plasmodesmata can change in number, and when dilated can provide a passageway macromolecules
Plasmodesmata are essential for the intercellular transfer of both big informational macromolecules like proteins and smaller signaling chemicals in plant cells.
- Plasmodesmata are membrane-lined structures that offer a high-conductance, aqueous channel for the transportation of information in the form of chemicals and macromolecules, such as transcription factors, from cell to cell.
- The intimate interaction of the plasma membrane with the endoplasmic reticulum results in the formation of plasmodesmata.
- The degree to which a particular cell acts as an individual or as a component of the entire organism is determined by the distribution and unitary conductance of plasmodesmata as well as other positional variables that affect development.
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Answer:
1. Radiometric dating
2. Relative dating is used to determine the age of fossils or rock layers by by comparing it to similar rocks and fossils of known ages.
3. The youngest rock layers are at the top and the oldest are at the bottom, which is according to the law of superposition.
4. Tribolite and Pecten fossils
Fossils are used to determine the ages of rock layers. Index fossils are the most useful in determining relative aging. Index fossils are of organisms that lived for a short period of time. An index fossil allows a scientist to determine the age of the rock it is in. So if they are found in a particular age, it means they belong in that age.
5. Scientists commonly use radioactive dating methods by using radioactive decay cloak of certain elements such as potassium or carbon to date fossils or rocks.
6. Law of superposition because in terms of finding the age of the rock as an object, all that needs to be identified are the layers of the rock.
7. The nuclear decay of radioactive elements are a process that behaves in a clock-like fashion which makes it a useful tool for determining the exact age of fossils or rocks.
