The constant is the light source and the pennies are the controlled i think.
I believe the answer is: 1) Automation is replacing human workers with mechanical or electronic devices.
According to most economic experts, automation seems to be unavoidable and would create several economic advantages or disadvantages.
One advantage is that it would reduce the cost of production that would make products become cheaper, and one disadvantage of automation is that it would cause a huge number of unemployment.
With the rise of the Abbasids dynasty, its influence in the Muslim empire of the Caliphate expanded to other nations, concentrating on supporting the community of Muslim believers, even though they were not of Arab nationality. Much of the support for the Abbasids dynasty, coming from the Persians, had as a logical consequence that the Abbasids were responsible for many of the traditions of the Sāsānian government (who were Persians). Being supported by tolerant Muslims, it also allowed the Abbasids to recognize before the public opinion the Embryonic Islamic Law, and to base their dynasty on the religion of Islam.
The city of Ciudad Juarez has been know for its violence and for being unsafe. The whole city has come together and have begun changes that will make their city better and safer.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/mexico/12155890/How-Mexicos-most-dangerous-city-transformed-itself-to-become-safe-enough-for-the-Pope.html
