Answer:
Causal association is defined as two events in which one event leads to the cause/development of the second event such as the consumption of trans-fats and the onset of heart disease. In order to show the causal association, it is necessary to ensure that the 3 criteria of temporality, consistency, and strength are satisfied with respect to the relationship between consumption of trans fats and heart disease. According to this example involving the relationship between trans-fats and heart disease, temporality could be satisfied if one is consuming an excessive amount of foods containing trans-fats such asFrench fries, and who then ends up suffering from heart disease. In order to fulfill the criteria of strength, statistical tests would need to be performed in order to establish that there is a positive correlation between the individuals who consume trans-fats 10 times per week are shown to develop and require treatment for heart disease 90% of the time. Lastly, consistency may be fulfilled by showing that the same results are occurring despite applying the same testing measures on different groups of individuals during various increments. By applying the same tests on different groups, the chances of creating false-positives within the study can be significantly lowered. Numerous studies can be used to determine whether meaningful statements regarding the causal relationship between two factors can be established. By performing multiple studies on individuals’ eating habits and their health outcomes, researchers may then determine whether a relationship exists between the health challenges that they are faced with and the items that they consume.
Explanation:
Answer: The drug abuse is influenced by the environment and exerts influence on the gene expressions.
Explanation:
The genetic make up of the person is decides, which genes will be expressed and develop a trait in an individual. But this genetic expression can be influenced by the environmental factors like food, exposure to sunlight, and others. This study which relate environment with the genetic make up is called epigenetics. No person is drug addict by birth but the consumption of drug can influence the genetic make up and traits in a abuser. So here, the environment is influencing the genetic basis of a abuser.
Answer:
If you want to lose one kg of your weight, you need to create calorie deficit of 7,700. So if you want to lose one kg per week, you need to create approximately 1,000 calorie deficit every day. If you create 1,000 calorie deficit every day, you will lose one kg of your weight in seven-eight days
The first blank is hypertonic and the second blank is hypotonic
Answer:
- Bird wings and dragonfly wings are both used for flight: Analogous structure
- Clams and snails both have similar muscle structure even though the muscles do different jobs: Homologous structure
- Human and giraffe necks both have 7 vertebrae because we are related: Homologous structure
- The flaps of a Venus flytrap have a similar makeup to oak leaves: Homologous structure
Explanation:
Analogous structures are similar structures that have the same or similar functions in unrelated organisms. Analogous structures aren't the result of evolutionary relationships among organisms (i.e., they were not inherited from a common ancestor). On the other hand, homologous structures are structures inherited from a common ancestor. Homologous structures may or may not have an identical function, but they are the result of evolutionary relationships among organisms and, therefore, they are genetically related.
